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Wondering what your rights are when duplicating information for a class? How many copies of an article can be placed on reserve? Can you make a copy of a piece of music to perform? How is information on the Internet protected by copyright? Or is it?

We've assembled a collection sources that focus on copyright issues and will help to answer these questions.

General guidelines for library reserves

The copyright policies and guidelines for reserves are based on the fair-use standards of the  (Title 17, U.S. Code). Section 107 states:

Notwithstanding the provisions of sections 106 and 106A, the fair use of a copyrighted work, including such use by reproduction in copies or phonorecords or by any other means specified by that section, for purposes such as criticism, comment, news reporting, teaching (including multiple copies for classroom use), scholarship, or research, is not an infringement of copyright. In determining whether the use made of a work in any particular case is a fair use the factors to be considered shall include:

1. the purpose and character of the use, including whether such use is of a commercial nature or is for nonprofit educational purposes;
2. the nature of the copyrighted work;
3. the amount and substantiality of the portion used in relation to the copyrighted work as a whole; and
4. the effect of the use upon the potential market for or value of the copyrighted work.

The fact that a work is unpublished shall not itself bar a finding of fair use if such finding is made upon consideration of all the above factors.

Thus, we ask that you abide by the following when placing items on reserve (whether electronic or print):

• You may place a reasonable number of copies on reserve. While the guidelines aren't clear on just what constitutes a reasonable number, another way of expressing it would be that the instructor should use reasonable judgment in determining how many copies are needed to allow all students in his or her class sufficient opportunity to read the material. A good guideline to use is one copy per ten students enrolled in the course.
• Each item must include complete citation information.
• Each copy must contain a clear notice of copyright. The library will affix this notice.
• If you are including a chapter from a book, also include a copy of the title and copyright pages.
• For classroom or reserve use of copyrighted materials that falls outside the scope of fair use, you will need to be granted permission from the copyright holder. Ask at the circulation desk for forms to be used to seek permission
• Copying can not be used to create or replace anthologies or collections of works.

More information on library reserves.

Public performance rights for films

The library owns many videos/DVDs. Most are purchased for in-classroom, library or home use only. All films in the library collection can be shown in a classroom as part of a course. In addition, some library films are purchased with limited educational public performance rights. These selected films may be screened by a public group, for educational purposes, when no admission is charged. Non-commercial events at schools, libraries, churches, civic and non-profit organizations are usually considered educational public performances. Currently the only library films with public performance rights are those produced by Berkeley Media, California Newsreel, Films for the Humanities & Sciences, New Day Films, Media Education Foundation, Schlossinger Media, Ambrose Video and a few selected titles from PBS.

Copyright Information Sources

Laws

• : Information on copyright basics, applications for applying for copyright, and publications of the copyright office are available.
• : Text of the actual Copyright Law of the United States, as contained in Title 17 of the U. S. Code.
• : Searchable text of the copyright law via the Cornell University School of Law.

General

• : Tips for using copyrighted works in your teaching with a discussion of what is permissable under fair use.
• : Copyright Advisory Office (Columbia University). Extensive discussion of fair use issues as they apply to universities in particular.
• : An easy to read tool to determine whether a work has passed into the public domain.
• . A handy worksheet to help you decide whether your proposed use of copyrighted material is fair use, or not.
• : Center for Social Media at American University. A great website with guidelines and advice on fair use in social media such as documentaries, online video, motion pictures, etc. Includes various classroom tools such as “,” “,” and best practices guidelines such as “,” and “,” and more.
• : University of Texas System. An extensive discussion of applications, and of the principles behind the applications, of copyright and fair use in the higher education environment,
• : Yale University Library. An extensive list of links to higher education copyright resources.
• : University System of Georgia. Specific applications of copyright as it relates to higher education.
• : Stanford University Libraries. Application of copyright law specifically geared toward its use in libraries.
• : Developed by the American Library Association (ALA) to assist academics in the copyright implications behind photocopying.
• : "The largest licenser of photocopy reproduction rights in the world, was formed in 1978 to facilitate compliance with U.S. copyright law. CCC provides licensing systems for the reproduction and distribution of copyrighted materials in print and electronic formats throughout the world.”
• : "The (OTW) is a nonprofit organization run by and for fans to provide access to and preserve the history of fanworks and fan cultures."

Music

• . Discussion of the issues involved in the transmission of digital audio and video for course reserves.
• . Links to a variety of information about copyright and music.
• : Music Publishers Association. Includes links to the  which provides guidance in locating the publisher of a particular piece of music and forms to apply for permission to arrange music or copy out-of-print music.
• : National Association For Music Education. Information on copyright issues that impact music educators.
• : Definitions of licensing terms and information about licensing for broadcast, Internet, and general use.
• : Information on licensing for a variety of venues.
• : Information source and clearinghouse of licensing music copyrights.
• : Information and links to assist in identifying whether a piece of music or song is in the public domain.

Poetry

• : Authored by the Center for Social Media and the Poetry Foundation, this code of best practices addresses how fair use applies to poetry.